![]() Under the Aztec Empire, central Mexico was divided into small territories called calpulli, which were units of local administration concerned with farming as well as education and religion. By contrast, capitalist thinkers posit that by the homestead principle whoever is first to work on the land is the rightful owner. Karl Marx believed that the system he called primitive communism (joint ownership) was unjustly ended by exploitative means he called primitive accumulation. The process by which Western Europe's communal land and other property became private is a fundamental question behind views of property. ![]() Private ownership came to predominate in much of the Western world and is therefore better studied. Main articles: Communal land, Property, and CommonsĪ small group of farming or herding families living together on a jointly managed piece of land is one of the most common living arrangements in all of human history, having co-existed and competed with more individualistic forms of ownership (as well as organized state ownership) since the beginnings of agriculture. For example, the Soviet Union had both kolkhozy (cooperative-run farms) and sovkhozy (state-run farms). In some countries (including the Soviet Union, the Eastern Bloc countries, China and Vietnam), there have been both state-run and cooperative-run variants. The process by which farmland is aggregated is called collectivization. There are two broad types of communal farms: agricultural cooperatives, in which member-owners jointly engage in farming activities as a collective, and state farms, which are owned and directly run by a centralized government. "Drive to the Collective Farm!" – 1920s Yiddish-language poster featuring women kolkhoz workers "Kolkhoz-woman with pumpkins", 1930 paintingĬollective farming and communal farming are various types of, "agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise". JSTOR ( February 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.įind sources: "Collective farming" – news Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification.
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